What occurs during anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen. During this reaction, the immune system overreacts, releasing a large amount of histamine and other chemicals into the bloodstream. This release leads to rapid symptoms, including significant airway constriction, which can result in difficulty breathing, wheezing, and swelling of the throat and tongue. Additionally, anaphylaxis can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to shock.

The correct answer highlights the critical aspect of airway constriction, which is a hallmark of anaphylactic reactions, distinguishing it from milder allergic reactions that may not involve such severe physiological responses. Recognition and prompt treatment, often with epinephrine, are crucial for anaphylaxis to prevent serious health consequences.