Which process can be used to separate liquids with different boiling points?

Fractional distillation is the correct process for separating liquids with different boiling points because it takes advantage of the different rates of evaporation of the components within a mixture. When a mixture of liquids is heated, the component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first. The vapor is then collected and cooled, condensing it back into liquid form. This method can be used to separate multiple components in a mixture by repeatedly vaporizing and condensing, allowing for a precise separation based on the varying boiling points.

In contrast, filtration is typically used to separate solids from liquids or gases and relies on the physical barrier of a filter rather than differences in boiling points. Crystallization is primarily used to purify solids from solutions based on differences in solubility, not boiling points of liquids. Evaporation is the process of turning a liquid into vapor, which can separate a solute from a solvent in solutions, but it does not effectively separate two different liquids with varying boiling points as fractional distillation does.